This project conducts an interdisciplinary land use research project integrating satellite remote sensing, field-scale research, agro-ecosystem modeling, and socioeconomic analysis to understand the impacts of crop type and management practices such as residue burning on biomass emissions, soil carbon and rural well-being. The products developed under this project will inform regional land use and management planning and policy aimed at reducing biomass emissions and resulting air quality issues, meeting agricultural production demand and influencing the economic well-being of rural communities. These methodologies could be extended to other developing South Asian nations.